Numerical data refers to information that is expressed in numbers, allowing for quantitative analysis. This type of data can be used to measure, compare, and analyze various phenomena, such as population statistics, sales figures, or temperature readings. It is often collected through surveys, experiments, or observations and can be represented in various forms, including tables, graphs, and charts. Numerical data can be classified into two main types: discrete data and continuous data. Discrete data consists of distinct, separate values, such as the number of students in a classroom, while continuous data can take any value within a range, such as height or weight. Both types are essential for statistical analysis and decision-making.