Norwegian independence refers to the process by which Norway became a fully sovereign nation. Initially, Norway was in a union with Denmark from 1380 until 1814. After the Napoleonic Wars, Norway was ceded to Sweden in the Treaty of Kiel, leading to a new union that lasted until 1905. In 1905, Norway peacefully dissolved its union with Sweden through negotiations, establishing itself as an independent kingdom. A referendum held that year showed overwhelming support for independence, and Prince Carl of Sweden was invited to become King Haakon VII of Norway, marking the beginning of a new era for the nation.