The Northern Renaissance refers to the cultural and artistic movement that took place in Northern Europe during the late 15th and early 16th centuries. Unlike the Italian Renaissance, which focused on classical themes, the Northern Renaissance emphasized detailed realism, everyday life, and religious themes. Artists like Jan van Eyck and Albrecht Dürer were known for their meticulous attention to detail and use of oil paints, which allowed for vibrant colors and intricate textures. This period also saw significant developments in literature and philosophy, with figures such as Desiderius Erasmus promoting humanist ideas. The invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg played a crucial role in spreading Renaissance ideas, making literature more accessible and fostering a greater exchange of knowledge across Europe.