The Northern Alliance was a military coalition formed in the late 1990s in Afghanistan. It primarily consisted of various ethnic groups, including the Tajiks, Uzbeks, and Hazaras, united against the ruling Taliban regime. The alliance played a crucial role in resisting Taliban control and sought to establish a more inclusive government in Afghanistan. During the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the Northern Alliance received support from American forces, which helped them to quickly regain territory. Following the fall of the Taliban, the Northern Alliance leaders participated in the formation of the new Afghan government, contributing to the country's political landscape.