The North-South Peace Agreement refers to a peace deal signed in 2005 between the government of Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). This agreement aimed to end decades of civil war in Sudan, which primarily involved the northern and southern regions of the country. It established a framework for power-sharing, wealth-sharing, and autonomy for the southern region, ultimately leading to a referendum on independence. The agreement also included provisions for human rights, security arrangements, and the management of resources. Following the implementation of the agreement, South Sudan gained independence in 2011, becoming a separate nation. The peace deal was crucial in addressing longstanding grievances and fostering stability in the region.