North Africa and the Middle East are regions that encompass a diverse range of cultures, languages, and landscapes. North Africa includes countries like Egypt, Morocco, and Algeria, characterized by vast deserts, such as the Sahara, and rich historical sites, including the Pyramids of Giza. The Middle East, which includes nations like Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Israel, is known for its significant historical and religious importance, being the birthplace of major religions such as Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The region features varied geography, from arid deserts to fertile river valleys, and plays a crucial role in global politics and economics.