The Nile Valley Civilizations, primarily known as the ancient Egyptians, flourished along the banks of the Nile River in northeastern Africa. This region benefited from the river's annual flooding, which deposited nutrient-rich silt, making agriculture possible. The civilization is renowned for its monumental architecture, including the Pyramids and the Sphinx, as well as its advances in writing, mathematics, and medicine. Another significant civilization in the Nile Valley was the Nubians, who lived to the south of Egypt. They developed their own kingdoms, such as Kush, and engaged in trade and cultural exchange with the Egyptians. Both civilizations contributed to the rich history and cultural heritage of the Nile Valley region.