Newton's Laws of Motion consist of three fundamental principles that describe how objects move. The first law, known as the law of inertia, states that an object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion continues in motion at a constant speed unless acted upon by an external force. The second law explains that the acceleration of an object depends on the net force acting on it and its mass, summarized by the equation F = ma, where F is force, m is mass, and a is acceleration. The third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction, meaning forces always occur in pairs.