Newborn Screening is a public health program that tests newborn babies for certain genetic, metabolic, and endocrine disorders shortly after birth. This process typically involves taking a few drops of blood from the baby's heel and sending it to a laboratory for analysis. Early detection of these conditions can lead to timely treatment, which can prevent serious health issues or developmental delays. The screening usually occurs within the first few days of life, and it is a routine part of hospital care in many countries. Conditions screened for may include phenylketonuria (PKU), cystic fibrosis, and sickle cell disease. Parents are informed of the results, and if any issues are detected, follow-up care is arranged.