New York's geology is diverse, featuring a mix of rock types and formations. The state is primarily composed of ancient metamorphic rocks like gneiss and schist, formed over a billion years ago. These rocks are part of the Appalachian Mountain range, which extends into New York, particularly in the eastern regions. In addition to metamorphic rocks, New York has areas of sedimentary rocks, especially in the western part of the state. The Niagara Escarpment, a prominent geological feature, showcases limestone and dolostone formations. Glacial activity during the last Ice Age also shaped the landscape, creating features like Finger Lakes and various valleys.