The term "New South" refers to the period of economic and social transformation in the Southern United States following the Civil War. This era, which began in the late 19th century, aimed to modernize the South's economy, moving away from its reliance on agriculture and slavery. Industrialization, urbanization, and the growth of railroads were key features of this transformation, leading to increased job opportunities and a more diverse economy. Prominent figures associated with the New South include Henry Grady, a journalist who advocated for industrial growth and economic diversification. The New South also saw the rise of textile mills and manufacturing industries, which contributed to the region's development. Despite these advancements, issues such as racial segregation and economic inequality persisted, shaping the South's social landscape.