New Granada was a historical region in northern South America, primarily encompassing the modern countries of Colombia, Panama, and parts of Venezuela and Ecuador. It was established as a Spanish colonial entity in the 16th century and became an important center for trade and agriculture. The region was known for its rich natural resources, including gold and emeralds, which attracted European settlers and explorers. In the early 19th century, New Granada played a significant role in the independence movements across Latin America. The region eventually became part of the Gran Colombia federation, which included Venezuela and Ecuador. However, by 1831, New Granada emerged as a separate republic, later known as the Republic of Colombia.