Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that play a crucial role in the growth, survival, and maintenance of neurons in the nervous system. They help support the development of the brain and are involved in processes such as synaptic plasticity, which is essential for learning and memory. Key members of this family include nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). These proteins bind to specific receptors on neurons, promoting their health and function. Neurotrophins are also important in the repair of the nervous system after injury and are being studied for their potential therapeutic applications in conditions like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.