Neurotrophic factors are proteins that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of neurons in the nervous system. They play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system by promoting the health of nerve cells and facilitating communication between them. Key examples of neurotrophic factors include Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). These factors bind to specific receptors on neurons, triggering signaling pathways that enhance cell survival and function. Neurotrophic factors are essential for processes such as neurogenesis, the formation of new neurons, and synaptic plasticity, which is vital for learning and memory.