Neural encoding is the process by which sensory information is transformed into signals that can be understood by the brain. This involves the conversion of stimuli, such as light or sound, into electrical impulses that neurons can transmit. Each type of sensory input has specific neural pathways that help the brain interpret and respond to the environment. In neuroscience, researchers study neural encoding to understand how the brain processes information. Techniques like electrophysiology and functional MRI are used to observe how neurons react to different stimuli. This knowledge can help in developing treatments for conditions like sensory processing disorders and improving artificial intelligence systems.