The Makhnovshchina was a revolutionary movement in Ukraine during the Russian Civil War (1917-1921), led by the anarchist leader Nestor Makhno. This movement aimed to establish a society based on anarchist principles, promoting self-governance and collective farming. The Makhnovists fought against both the Bolsheviks and the White Army, seeking to protect their local communities and autonomy. The Makhnovshchina was characterized by its emphasis on grassroots organization and direct democracy. The movement gained significant support among peasants and workers in the region, creating a network of free soviets. However, it ultimately faced suppression by the Bolshevik government, leading to its decline by the early 1920s.