Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome (NRDS) is a condition that affects newborns, particularly those born prematurely. It occurs when the lungs do not produce enough surfactant, a substance that helps keep the air sacs in the lungs open. This leads to difficulty breathing and inadequate oxygen supply to the body. Symptoms of NRDS include rapid breathing, grunting sounds, and a bluish tint to the skin. Treatment often involves providing supplemental oxygen and, in some cases, administering surfactant therapy to help improve lung function. Early detection and intervention are crucial for better outcomes in affected infants.