A surfactant is a substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid, allowing it to spread more easily. Surfactants are commonly found in products like soaps and detergents, where they help to break down grease and dirt by allowing water to mix with oils. Surfactants have a unique molecular structure, with one end that is hydrophilic (water-attracting) and another that is hydrophobic (water-repelling). This dual nature enables them to interact with both water and oils, making them effective in cleaning and emulsifying mixtures. They are also used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.