Neonatal mortality refers to the death of a baby within the first 28 days of life. This period is critical as newborns are particularly vulnerable to health complications. Factors contributing to neonatal mortality include premature birth, low birth weight, infections, and congenital anomalies. Efforts to reduce neonatal mortality focus on improving maternal health, access to quality prenatal care, and skilled birth attendance. Additionally, interventions such as vaccinations and proper neonatal care can significantly lower the risk of death during this vulnerable stage of life.