Infant mortality refers to the death of a baby before their first birthday. It is often used as an important indicator of the overall health of a population. High rates of infant mortality can signal issues such as inadequate healthcare, poor maternal health, and lack of access to essential services. Factors contributing to infant mortality include premature birth, birth defects, and complications during delivery. Globally, infant mortality rates vary significantly between countries and regions. In many developed nations, the rates are low due to advanced medical care and public health initiatives. In contrast, some developing countries face higher rates due to limited resources and healthcare access, highlighting the need for improved maternal and child health programs.