The Neolithic period was a significant time in human history, starting around 10,000 BCE. During this era, people transitioned from being nomadic hunter-gatherers to settled farmers. They began to cultivate crops like wheat and barley and domesticate animals such as sheep and cattle. This shift allowed communities to grow and develop more complex societies. As a result of farming, people built permanent homes and established villages. The Neolithic period also saw advancements in tools, with the creation of polished stone implements. Additionally, early forms of art and pottery emerged, reflecting the creativity and culture of these early agricultural societies.