The Neolithic era, also known as the New Stone Age, began around 10,000 BCE and lasted until approximately 3,000 BCE. This period marked a significant transition in human history, as people shifted from a nomadic lifestyle of hunting and gathering to settled farming communities. The domestication of plants and animals, such as wheat and sheep, allowed for more stable food sources and the development of permanent settlements. During the Neolithic era, advancements in tools and technology emerged, including the creation of polished stone tools and pottery. These innovations facilitated agricultural practices and improved daily life. The establishment of villages led to the growth of social structures and trade, laying the foundation for future civilizations.