Neoclassical sculpture emerged in the late 18th century as a response to the excesses of the Baroque and Rococo styles. It sought to revive the ideals of ancient Greece and Rome, emphasizing simplicity, symmetry, and proportion. Artists aimed to convey moral virtue and heroism through their works, often depicting historical or mythological figures. Prominent neoclassical sculptors include Antonio Canova and Jean-Antoine Houdon, who created lifelike representations with smooth surfaces and clear outlines. Their sculptures often featured draped figures and classical themes, reflecting the Enlightenment's focus on reason and the human experience. Neoclassical sculpture played a significant role in shaping Western art.