The Nayaka Dynasty was a prominent South Indian dynasty that emerged in the 16th century. They were known for their rule over regions in present-day Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. The Nayakas were originally military leaders serving under the Vijayanagara Empire, and they gained independence after the empire's decline. The dynasty is recognized for its contributions to art, architecture, and culture. They built several temples, including the famous Meenakshi Temple in Madurai, and promoted classical music and dance. The Nayaka rulers also encouraged trade and agriculture, which helped in the economic development of their regions.