Natural gas liquefaction is the process of cooling natural gas to very low temperatures, typically around -162 degrees Celsius (-260 degrees Fahrenheit). This cooling transforms the gas into a liquid state, reducing its volume by about 600 times, which makes it easier to transport and store. The liquefied natural gas (LNG) can then be shipped in specialized tankers to various markets around the world. The liquefaction process involves several steps, including pre-treatment to remove impurities, cooling using refrigeration cycles, and finally, storage in insulated tanks. This technology is crucial for the global energy market, allowing countries with abundant natural gas resources to export their product to regions with high demand.