The nationalization of the Iranian oil industry occurred in 1951 when the Iranian government, led by Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, took control of the oil resources previously managed by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. This move aimed to increase national revenue and reduce foreign influence over Iran's natural resources. The nationalization sparked a crisis, leading to a power struggle between Mossadegh and the monarchy, represented by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. In 1953, a coup, supported by the United States and United Kingdom, resulted in the overthrow of Mossadegh and the reinstatement of the Shah, who then reestablished foreign control over the oil industry.