The National Research Council of Italy (CNR) is the leading public research institution in Italy. Established in 1923, it focuses on advancing scientific knowledge and technology across various fields, including natural sciences, engineering, and social sciences. The CNR collaborates with universities, industries, and international research organizations to promote innovation and address societal challenges. With over 8,000 researchers and numerous institutes throughout Italy, the CNR conducts interdisciplinary research and provides scientific support to policymakers. Its mission includes fostering scientific excellence, enhancing technological development, and contributing to the economic growth of the country through research and innovation initiatives.