Nanoparticles are tiny particles that measure between 1 and 100 nanometers in size. To put this in perspective, a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter, making nanoparticles much smaller than a human hair. Due to their small size, they exhibit unique physical and chemical properties, which can differ significantly from their larger counterparts. This makes them useful in various fields, including medicine, electronics, and environmental science. In medicine, nanoparticles can be used for targeted drug delivery, allowing treatments to be directed specifically to diseased cells while minimizing side effects. In electronics, they can enhance the performance of devices like batteries and solar cells. Additionally, nanoparticles play a role in environmental applications, such as water purification and pollution control, showcasing their versatility and importance in modern technology.