NaHCO₃, commonly known as baking soda, is a white crystalline powder that serves multiple purposes in cooking and baking. It acts as a leavening agent, helping dough rise by producing carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with acids. This reaction creates a light and fluffy texture in baked goods like cakes and cookies. In addition to its culinary uses, NaHCO₃ has various applications in cleaning and personal care. It can neutralize odors, act as a gentle abrasive for scrubbing surfaces, and even be used in some toothpaste formulations. Its versatility makes it a staple in many households.