Tunnel boring is a method used to create underground passages, such as those for roads, railways, or utilities. A specialized machine called a Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) is employed to excavate the earth while simultaneously installing tunnel linings. This process minimizes surface disruption and is often used in urban areas. The TBM operates by rotating a large, circular cutter head that breaks through soil and rock. As it advances, the machine removes the excavated material and supports the tunnel walls with pre-fabricated segments. This technique is efficient and helps ensure safety during construction in challenging environments.