The New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) is a modern technique used for constructing tunnels. It emphasizes the use of the surrounding rock or soil as a support system, allowing for more efficient excavation and reduced material costs. This method involves careful monitoring of ground conditions and the application of shotcrete to stabilize the tunnel walls. NATM is particularly effective in varying geological conditions, making it suitable for urban environments and mountainous regions. By utilizing the natural strength of the surrounding materials, it minimizes the need for extensive structural reinforcements, leading to faster construction times and lower environmental impact.