Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a group of disorders caused by poorly formed or dysfunctional blood cells. They occur when the bone marrow, which produces blood cells, does not function properly, leading to insufficient healthy red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This can result in symptoms like fatigue, increased risk of infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. MDS can arise from various factors, including exposure to certain chemicals, radiation, or previous chemotherapy treatments. The condition can progress to more severe forms, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), making early diagnosis and management important for improving patient outcomes.