Hematological disorders are medical conditions that affect the blood and its components, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These disorders can lead to issues such as anemia, where the body lacks enough red blood cells to carry oxygen, or leukemia, a type of cancer that affects white blood cells. Symptoms may include fatigue, frequent infections, and easy bruising. Diagnosis often involves blood tests to check for abnormalities in blood cell counts and functions. Treatment options vary depending on the specific disorder and may include medications, blood transfusions, or therapies like chemotherapy. Early detection is crucial for effective management of these conditions.