Myelinating cells are specialized cells in the nervous system that produce a protective covering called myelin. This myelin sheath surrounds the axons of neurons, which are the long, thread-like parts of nerve cells that transmit electrical signals. The presence of myelin increases the speed and efficiency of these signals, allowing for faster communication between different parts of the body. There are two main types of myelinating cells: oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. Oligodendrocytes can myelinate multiple axons, while Schwann cells typically myelinate a single axon. Both types play a crucial role in maintaining the health and function of the nervous system.