Mycobacterium bovis is a type of bacteria that primarily affects cattle but can also infect other animals and humans. It is a member of the Mycobacterium genus, which includes other species like Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria responsible for tuberculosis in humans. M. bovis is known to cause bovine tuberculosis, a chronic disease that can lead to severe health issues in infected animals. Transmission of Mycobacterium bovis occurs mainly through inhalation of infected droplets or consumption of contaminated milk. In humans, it can cause a form of tuberculosis, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems. Control measures include testing and culling infected animals, as well as pasteurizing milk to eliminate the bacteria.