Musical systems refer to the structured ways in which music is organized and understood across different cultures. These systems can include scales, modes, and rhythms that define how music is created and performed. For example, the Western musical system primarily uses a twelve-tone equal temperament scale, while other cultures may have unique scales, such as the Indian raga system, which incorporates specific notes and emotional expressions. Additionally, musical systems often encompass the rules and conventions that guide composition and improvisation. This includes the use of harmony, melody, and rhythm, which can vary significantly between genres. For instance, jazz relies heavily on improvisation within a framework, while classical music often follows strict compositional techniques.