Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a form of tuberculosis that does not respond to at least two of the most effective anti-TB drugs, isoniazid and rifampicin. This resistance can develop when patients do not complete their treatment or when the bacteria mutate. MDR-TB poses a significant public health challenge, as it is harder to treat and requires longer, more complex treatment regimens. The spread of MDR-TB is a global concern, particularly in areas with high rates of HIV infection and limited healthcare resources. Effective control measures include early diagnosis, proper treatment adherence, and public health initiatives to prevent transmission.