Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan was a prominent figure in early Islamic history, born around 602 CE in Mecca. He was a member of the Umayyad clan and served as a governor of Syria during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan. After Uthman's assassination, Muawiya became a key player in the ensuing power struggles within the Muslim community. In 661 CE, Muawiya established the Umayyad Caliphate after the assassination of Ali ibn Abi Talib, becoming its first caliph. His rule marked a significant shift in Islamic governance, emphasizing centralized authority and administrative reforms. Muawiya's reign lasted until his death in 680 CE, leaving a lasting impact on the Islamic world.