Mountain ecology is the study of the relationships between living organisms and their environment in mountainous regions. These areas are characterized by steep slopes, varying altitudes, and diverse climates, which create unique habitats. The flora and fauna found in mountains often exhibit specialized adaptations to survive harsh conditions, such as cold temperatures and limited oxygen levels. In mountain ecosystems, elevation plays a crucial role in biodiversity. As altitude increases, the types of plants and animals change, leading to distinct ecological zones. For example, alpine meadows are found at higher elevations, while forests may thrive at lower altitudes. Understanding mountain ecology helps in conservation efforts and managing natural resources effectively.