Motherboard compatibility refers to the ability of various computer components to work together with a specific motherboard. Key factors include the CPU socket type, which must match the processor, and the RAM type and speed, which should be supported by the motherboard. Additionally, the motherboard must have the correct expansion slots for graphics cards and other peripherals. Another important aspect is the form factor, which determines the physical size and layout of the motherboard. Common form factors include ATX, Micro-ATX, and Mini-ITX. Ensuring compatibility helps prevent hardware conflicts and maximizes system performance.