CPU compatibility refers to the ability of a central processing unit to work with a specific motherboard. This compatibility is determined by factors such as the socket type, chipset, and supported architectures. Each CPU model is designed to fit a particular socket, which is a physical interface on the motherboard. Additionally, motherboards have specific chipsets that support certain CPUs. It's essential to check the manufacturer's specifications to ensure that the CPU and motherboard can function together. Using incompatible components can lead to system failures or prevent the computer from booting.