The Mosaic Covenant refers to the agreement made between God and the people of Israel at Mount Sinai, as described in the Bible. This covenant established a set of laws and guidelines, known as the Ten Commandments, that the Israelites were to follow. In return, God promised to protect and bless them, making them His chosen people. This covenant is significant because it laid the foundation for the religious and moral framework of the Jewish faith. It emphasized the importance of obedience and faithfulness to God, shaping the identity and practices of the Israelites throughout their history.