Montezuma, also known as Moctezuma II, was the ninth ruler of the Aztec Empire, reigning from 1502 to 1520. He is best known for his encounters with Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés, which ultimately led to the fall of the Aztec Empire. Montezuma was a powerful leader who expanded the empire and was known for his wealth and the grandeur of the capital city, Tenochtitlan. Montezuma's reign was marked by significant cultural and economic developments, including advancements in agriculture and trade. His leadership style was characterized by a strong central authority and a complex social structure. The Aztec religion, which included numerous gods and rituals, played a crucial role in Montezuma's governance and the daily lives of his people.