Molecular spectroscopy is a technique used to study the interaction between molecules and electromagnetic radiation. By analyzing how molecules absorb, emit, or scatter light, scientists can gain insights into their structure, composition, and dynamics. This method is essential in fields like chemistry, biology, and environmental science. Different types of molecular spectroscopy include infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Each type focuses on specific energy transitions within molecules, allowing researchers to identify functional groups, determine molecular weights, and investigate molecular behavior. This information is crucial for applications in drug development, material science, and atmospheric studies.