The term "modulo" refers to a mathematical operation that finds the remainder when one number is divided by another. For example, in the expression 7 mod 3, the result is 1 because when 7 is divided by 3, it goes 2 times (which is 6), leaving a remainder of 1. This operation is commonly used in various fields, including computer science and cryptography. In programming, the modulo operation is often represented by the symbol % and is useful for tasks such as determining if a number is even or odd. For instance, number % 2 will yield 0 for even numbers and 1 for odd numbers. This makes modulo a valuable tool for algorithms and data structures.