Modern art refers to a broad movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a departure from traditional artistic styles and techniques. Artists sought to express new ideas and perspectives, often experimenting with form, color, and materials. Key movements within modern art include Impressionism, Cubism, and Surrealism. This period saw influential artists like Pablo Picasso and Vincent van Gogh challenge conventional aesthetics, focusing on abstraction and emotional expression. Modern art often emphasizes the artist's vision and the viewer's interpretation, making it a dynamic and evolving field that continues to inspire contemporary artists today.