Modern humans, known scientifically as Homo sapiens, are the only surviving species of the genus Homo. They first appeared around 300,000 years ago in Africa and are characterized by a larger brain size and advanced cognitive abilities compared to earlier human species. This intelligence has allowed them to create complex societies, develop language, and use tools effectively. Today, modern humans inhabit every continent and have diverse cultures, languages, and lifestyles. They have made significant advancements in technology, science, and the arts, shaping the world in various ways. Their ability to adapt to different environments has contributed to their widespread presence across the globe.