Minamata Disease is a severe neurological condition caused by mercury poisoning. It was first identified in the 1950s in Minamata Bay, Japan, where industrial waste from a chemical factory contaminated the water. People who consumed fish and shellfish from the bay developed symptoms such as numbness, tremors, and vision problems. The disease primarily affected local fishermen and their families, leading to significant health issues and fatalities. Efforts to address the crisis included medical treatment for victims and stricter regulations on mercury emissions. The incident raised global awareness about the dangers of environmental pollution and the importance of protecting public health.