Microtopography refers to the small-scale variations in the surface of the Earth, such as bumps, depressions, and ridges. These features can be found in various environments, including forests, wetlands, and coastal areas. Microtopography plays a crucial role in influencing water drainage, soil moisture, and habitat diversity. These subtle changes in terrain can affect local ecosystems by creating different microhabitats for plants and animals. For example, certain species may thrive in the moist conditions found in depressions, while others may prefer the drier areas on elevated surfaces. Understanding microtopography is essential for effective land management and conservation efforts.