Microtonality refers to the use of musical intervals smaller than the conventional semitones found in Western music. This approach allows for a broader range of pitches, enabling composers and musicians to explore unique scales and harmonies. Microtonal music can be found in various cultures, including Indian classical music and Middle Eastern music, where different tuning systems are employed. Instruments designed for microtonal music, such as the oud or specially tuned pianos, can produce these smaller intervals. Microtonality challenges traditional Western notions of harmony and melody, offering new possibilities for expression and creativity in music composition and performance.